When someone dies, their estate must be settled according to state probate laws. Probate is the legal process of validating the will, paying debts and distributing assets. While some estates qualify for simplified procedures, many must pass through formal probate, which involves courts and strict timelines.
Every state sets deadlines for when probate must begin, often ranging from a few months to a year after death. Missing these deadlines can complicate estate administration, leading to penalties, delayed distributions, or even lawsuits among heirs. Time to file for probate is limited: Start now.
Filing Requirements Vary by State
Probate rules are not uniform. Some states require filing within 30 days of death, while others allow several months. Deadlines also depend on whether the estate is small, whether a valid will exists, or whether someone contests the estate. For example, some states permit informal probate for estates under a certain dollar threshold, while others require a complete process regardless of the estate’s size.
Even when the court allows more time, creditors and beneficiaries may push for prompt action. Early filing reduces risks of disputes and preserves estate value. In Missouri, you must file for probate within one year of the decedent’s death.
Why Families Delay Filing Probate
Families often delay probate for emotional reasons. Grief, confusion about the process, or strained relationships among heirs can cause hesitation. Sometimes families assume that because they agree on distribution, probate is unnecessary. Failing to follow legal steps can invalidate asset transfers and expose heirs to potential liability.
Other times, families don’t realize the clock is ticking. Without timely filing, creditors may pursue claims directly, or heirs may face costly court battles in the future.
What Happens if You Miss the Deadline?
Missing a probate deadline can create serious complications:
- Beneficiaries may lose rights to certain assets if claims expire.
- Creditors may have longer windows to pursue unpaid debts.
- Courts may impose additional oversight, requiring more hearings and paperwork.
- Heirs may become personally liable if they use estate assets before resolving creditor claims.
In rare cases, failing to file within the statutory time can prevent probate altogether, leaving assets stuck without a clear path to transfer.
Preparing Before Filing Probate
While deadlines are strict, families should prepare carefully before filing. This includes:
- Gathering the death certificate, will and estate documents
- Identifying all assets and liabilities
- Reviewing state rules for exemptions, such as small estate affidavits
- Consulting an attorney to determine whether the estate qualifies for simplified probate
Being organized before filing not only ensures compliance but also prevents costly mistakes once proceedings begin.
The Role of Probate Attorneys
Probate attorneys guide families through filing deadlines, paperwork and hearings. They help identify which deadlines apply, prepare petitions and ensure that creditors and beneficiaries are properly notified. Attorneys also protect executors from liability by ensuring that debts and taxes are settled before distributing assets.
For complex estates or when heirs disagree, having a lawyer is crucial. An attorney can keep the process on track and avoid missed deadlines that might otherwise derail the estate’s settlement.
If you have recently lost a loved one, be mindful of timing. You should certainly take a couple of weeks’ time to grieve with your family and to obtain the death certificates. Scheduling an appointment with one of our probate lawyers one or two months’ after your loved one’s passing is adequate time to ensure that deadlines are met and that the estate is handled in compliance with state law. If you are already one of our clients, call the office to schedule that estate probate consultation.
Key Takeaways
- Probate deadlines are strict: States require filing within months of death, and missing deadlines creates legal complications.
- Delays risk penalties: Waiting too long can reduce heirs’ rights, extend creditor claims and increase court oversight.
- Preparation is essential: Gathering documents and reviewing exemptions early prevents mistakes and saves time.
- Legal help ensures compliance: Probate attorneys guide families through state rules, protecting executors and heirs.
Reference: NerdWallet (Aug. 17, 2025) “How Long Do You Have to File for Probate After a Person Dies?”
